NON-MELANOCYTIC TUMORS OF THE SKIN

by

GEORGE F. MURPHY, M.D.
Department of Dermatology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

and

DAVID E. ELDER, M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.P.A.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104


Table of Contents

1 Introduction
  1.1 Normal Anatomy
  1.2 Nomenclature, Classification, and Staging
2 Epidermal (Keratinocytic) Neoplasms
  2.1 General Considerations
  2.2 Epidermal Nevi and Hamartomas
  2.3 Seborrheic Keratosis
  2.4 Epithelial Polyps
  2.5 Clear Cell Acanthoma
  2.6 Keratoacanthoma
  2.7 Warty Dyskeratoma
  2.8 Verrucae
  2.9 Actinic Keratosis
  2.10 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  2.11 Basal Cell Carcinoma
3 Cutaneous Appendage Tumors
  3.1 Benign Tumors With Eccrine Differentiation
    3.1.1 Normal Eccrine Glands and Recognition of Eccrine
          Differentiation
    3.1.2 Eccrine Hyperplasias, Metaplasias, and Hamartomas
    3.1.3 Cystic Eccrine Neoplasms
      3.1.3.1 Eccrine Hidrocystoma
      3.1.3.2 Cutaneous Ciliated Cyst
      3.1.3.3 Cutaneous Bronchogenic Cyst
    3.1.4 Adenomatoid Eccrine Neoplasms (Ductular and Glandular Patterns)
      3.1.4.1 Papillary Eccrine Adenoma
      3.1.4.2 Syringoma
      3.1.4.3 Chondroid Syringoma
    3.1.5 Eccrine Neoplasms with Nodular and Lobular Patterns
      3.1.5.1 Eccrine Poroma
      3.1.5.2 Nodular Hidradenoma
      3.1.5.3 Eccrine Spiradenoma
  3.2 Malignant Tumors With Eccrine Differentiation
    3.2.1 Malignant Variants That Recapitulate Benign Eccrine Neoplasms
      3.2.1.1 Sclerosing Sweat Duct Carcinoma
      3.2.1.2 Malignant Chondroid Syringoma
      3.2.1.3 Porocarcinoma
      3.2.1.4 Malignant Nodular Hidradenoma
      3.2.1.5 Malignant Eccrine Spiradenoma
    3.2.2 Primary Eccrine Carcinomas Without Benign Counterparts
      3.2.2.1 Eccrine Adenocarcinoma
      3.2.2.2 Mucinous Eccrine Carcinoma
      3.2.2.3 Adenoid Cystic Eccrine Carcinoma
      3.2.2.4 Aggressive Digital Papillary Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma
  3.3 Benign Tumors With Apocrine Differentiation
    3.3.1 Normal Apocrine Glands and Recognition of Apocrine
          Differentiation
    3.3.2 Apocrine Hyperplasias and Hamartomas
    3.3.3 Cystic Apocrine Neoplasms, Nonpapillary
      3.3.3.1 Apocrine Cystadenoma
    3.3.4 Cystic Apocrine Neoplasms, Papillary
      3.3.4.1 Hidradenoma Papilliferum
      3.3.4.2 Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum
    3.3.5 Adenomatoid Apocrine Neoplasms (Ductular and Glandular
          Patterns)
      3.3.5.1 Apocrine Adenoma
      3.3.5.2 Cylindroma
  3.4 Malignant Tumors With Apocrine Differentiation
    3.4.1 Extramammary Paget's Disease
    3.4.2 Apocrine Adenocarcinoma
  3.5 Benign Tumors With Pilosebaceous Differentiation
    3.5.1 Normal Pilosebaceous Apparatus and Recognition of Pilosebaceous
          Differentiation
    3.5.2 Nomenclature and Classification
    3.5.3 Pilosebaceous Hyperplasias and Hamartomas
      3.5.3.1 Follicular Nevi
      3.5.3.2 Nevus Sebaceus
      3.5.3.3 Sebaceous Hyperplasia
    3.5.4 Follicular Cysts
      3.5.4.1 Infundibular Cyst
      3.5.4.2 Trichilemmal Cyst
      3.5.4.3 Steatocystoma Multiplex
      3.5.4.4 Dermoid Cyst
      3.5.4.5 Eruptive Vellus Hair Cyst
    3.5.5 Follicular Infundibular Neoplasms
      3.5.5.1 Dilated Pore of Winer
      3.5.5.2 Pilar Sheath Acanthoma
      3.5.5.3 Trichilemmoma
      3.5.5.4 Tumor of Follicular Infundibulum
    3.5.6 Branching and Lobular Pilosebaceous Neoplasms
      3.5.6.1 Trichofolliculoma
      3.5.6.2 Trichoepithelioma
      3.5.6.3 Sebaceous Adenoma and Epithelioma
    3.5.7 Nodular Pilosebaceous Tumors
      3.5.7.1 Pilomatricoma
      3.5.7.2 Pilar Tumor
      3.5.7.3 Inverted Follicular Keratosis
    3.5.8 Tumors of Pilosebaceous Mesenchyme
      3.5.8.1 Follicular Fibromas (Trichodiscoma, Fibrofolliculoma,
              Perifollicular Fibroma)
      3.5.8.2 Tumors of Arrector Pili Muscle
  3.6 Malignant Tumors With Pilosebaceous Differentiation
    3.6.1 Malignant Pilomatricoma
    3.6.2 Sebaceous Carcinoma
4 Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Tumors
  4.1 Classification
  4.2 Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
  4.3 Cutaneous B Cell Lymphoma
  4.4 Cutaneous Plasmacytoma
  4.5 Miscellaneous Conditions Confused With Lymphoproliferative
      Disorders
    4.5.1 Leukemia Cutis
  4.6 Dysplastic Lymphocytic Infiltrates
  4.7 Histiocytosis X
  4.8 Regressing Atypical Histiocytosis
  4.9 Mastocytosis
5 Neoplasms of the Endothelium and the Vessel Wall
  5.1 General Features
  5.2 Normal Anatomy
  5.3 Vascular Malformations
  5.4 Vascular Hyperplasias
  5.5 Angioma
  5.6 Glomus Tumor and Glomangioma
  5.7 Spindle Cell Hemangioendothelioma
  5.8 Angiosarcoma
  5.9 Kaposi's Sarcoma
  5.10 Bacillary Angiomatosis
6 Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
  6.1 General Features
  6.2 Combined Tumors of Fibroblasts and Histiocytes
    6.2.1 Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma
    6.2.2 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
    6.2.3 Atypical Fibroxanthoma
    6.2.4 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
  6.3 Tumors Predominated by Histiocytes
    6.3.1 Benign Xanthogranuloma
    6.3.2 Reticulohistiocytoma
7 Neural Proliferations and Neoplasia
  7.1 General Considerations
  7.2 Common Neoplastic Proliferations of Schwann Cells: Neurofibroma
      and Neurilemmoma
  7.3 Dermal Nerve Sheath Myxoma and Neurothekeoma
  7.4 Dermal Neuroma
  7.5 Granular Cell Tumor
  7.6 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
8 Smooth Muscle Tumors and Miscellaneous Dermal Neoplasms
  8.1 General Considerations
  8.2 Leiomyoma and Angioleiomyoma
  8.3 Superficial Leiomyosarcoma
  8.4 Dermal Tumors of Infancy and Childhood
  8.5 Benign Mixed Mesenchymal Proliferations
  8.6 Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors of Uncertain Histogenesis
    8.6.1 Epithelioid Sarcoma
9 Metastatic Carcinoma to the Skin
10 Index

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